Most endodontic procedures done by dentists involve addressing pulpitis and apical periodontitis. Effectively treating these two infections is notably different from managing other bodily infections, primarily due to the unique structure of the tooth:

• The tooth’s core is encased in a rigid, mineralized substance known as dentin
• Blood vessels and nerves access the tooth’s center via a tiny opening, less than 0.1 mm², at the root’s tip called the “apical foramen.”

This anatomically constrained space makes it challenging for the body to fight off infection, which often results in the necrosis of the entire dental pulp. However, in recent decades, significant research and practical experience have been devoted to exploring methods to preserve a partially infected dental pulp and, in some instances, even revive a nearly necrotic pulp.